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OECD . OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011: Innovation and Growth in Knowledge Economies[EB /OL]. ( 2011-09-20) [2016-09-15]. http: / /www. oecd. org.[ 2 ] FU Xiao-lan , XIONG Hong-ru. Open Innovation in China: Policies and Practices[J]. Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China, 2011, 2(3), 196-218 .[ 3 ]李毅,时秀梅,等 . 跨国公司在华 R & D 区位演绎与决定因素—基于研发功能演化的视角[ J ] . 科研管理, 2011 , ( 2) : 59-66 .[ 4 ] BRANSTETTER L , LI G. The Globalization of R & D: China, India and the Rise of International Coinvention[R]. Unpublished Working Paper, 2013 .[ 5 ]熊鸿儒 . 后发企业的开放式创新 : 来自中国的证据 [J]. 创新与创业管理, 2016 , (10) .