This study used the "Fen Zhi No. 2" sesame variety as the experimental material and conducted field trials in the temperate continental monsoon climate zone of central Shanxi. A randomized block design was employed to systematically measure growth indices such as plant height

above-ground dry matter yield

and leaf area. Effective accumulated temperature was calculated

and corresponding growth models were constructed. Additionally

a sowing date optimization model was established using meteorological data to determine the optimal sowing date. The study used the logistic equation to fit the dynamic changes in plant height and above-ground dry matter

and the modified logistic equation to fit changes in leaf area. The coefficient of determination for the constructed models were 0.9957

0.9580

and 0.9440

respectively

all reaching a significant level

and were able to accurately describe the patterns of change in each growth indicator with respect to effective accumulated temperature; Fen Zhi No. 2 exhibited an S-shaped growth pattern for plant height and cumulative dry matter

characterized by a slow–fast–slow trend

while leaf area showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. By combining the effective accumulated temperature thresholds during key growth stages with the meteorological conditions of the experimental area

the optimal sowing period for this variety in central Shanxi was determined to be June 15–25

with June 20 identified as the optimal sowing date. Additionally

corresponding cultivation management measures were proposed for different sowing dates

providing theoretical and technical support for the high-yield and efficient cultivation of Fen Zhi No. 2 sesame.