Since the reform and opening-up policy in China

urban intensification has developed rapidly. The density of large and medium-sized cities has increased sharply

and the degree of population concentration has risen year by year

posing new requirements on the carrying capacity of urban transportation. The trend of urbanization demands a more three-dimensional approach: expanding space underground and upward. Urban road construction has become an important indicator of urban development and a critical "artery" for population flow.Although shallow-buried underground complexes have already been constructed in practice

there is still no mature standardized system. These complexes not only help relieve urban traffic congestion and parking issues but also reduce construction costs. Large-scale underground projects that traditionally required shield tunneling can now be implemented through ground-level construction methods. To study the feasibility of shallow-buried underground complexes

this research analyzes the mechanical performance of the structure to determine reasonable ranges for design parameters. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the mechanical behavior of shallow-buried underground complexes at different burial depths. It compares and analyzes structural performance under static loads at the mid-span

retaining walls

traffic compartment isolation walls

and vulnerable joints to understand how mechanical properties change with burial depth and to determine a reasonable range for soil cover.