Graphene

with its exceptional electrical conductivity

large specific surface area

and outstanding mechanical properties

has emerged as a pivotal material driving technological innovation in supercapacitors. Graphene supercapacitors combine the rapid charging/discharging capabilities of traditional capacitors with the high energy storage efficiency of batteries

featuring fast charging

high power density

and long cycle life. These advantages make them highly valuable in critical fields such as new energy transportation

defense equipment

and smart grids. This paper systematically reviews the global R&D progress and industrial applications of graphene supercapacitors

while analyzing three core bottlenecks hindering large-scale development: low energy density

high production costs

and inadequate environmental adaptability. Through dimensions like material system optimization

preparation process innovation

and device structure design

the study outlines targeted technical breakthrough pathways. Research indicates that innovations in composite electrode materials

development of low-cost production processes

and multi-dimensional environmental adaptation upgrades are key to overcoming existing challenges. This work provides valuable references for technological iteration

industrial transformation

and application promotion of graphene supercapacitors

helping them achieve broader scenario coverage under the "dual carbon" strategy.