A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs

Yuxuan Tao

doi:10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456930.20260708

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A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs

Volume 7, Issue 8

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A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs
A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs
Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
Vol. 7, Issue 8, Pages: 152-156(2026)
Published：30 August 2026
DOI：10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456930.20260708
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Tao Yuxuan.A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs[J].Theory and Practice of Science and Technology,2026,07(08):152-156.
DOI：

Tao Yuxuan.A Review of PID, Sliding Mode, and Fusion Strategies for Wind Disturbance Rejection Control of Quadrotor UAVs[J].Theory and Practice of Science and Technology,2026,07(08):152-156. DOI： 10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456930.20260708.

摘要

Abstract

Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles have been widely used in aerial mapping

power-line inspection

precision agriculture

emergency rescue

and low-altitude logistics because of their compact structures

high maneuverability

vertical take-off and landing capability

and hovering ability. Nevertheless

quadrotors are underactuated

strongly coupled

nonlinear

and lightweight systems. In complex low-altitude wind fields

gusts

crosswinds

and turbulence may lead to attitude oscillation

trajectory deviation

degraded hovering accuracy

or even flight instability. Wind disturbance rejection has therefore become a key research topic in quadrotor control. Existing studies can be broadly divided into engineering-oriented PID-based methods

robust sliding-mode-control-based methods

and hybrid schemes involving disturbance observers

active disturbance rejection control

fuzzy adjustment

and adaptive mechanisms. PID control is simple and computationally efficient

but its robustness is limited under strong disturbances and model uncertainties. Sliding mode control provides strong robustness against external disturbances and parameter variations

but its discontinuous switching may introduce chattering. Hybrid strategies coordinate the smoothness of PID control and the robustness of sliding mode control through disturbance estimation

online gain adjustment

and boundary-layer smoothing. This paper reviews the modeling basis of quadrotor wind disturbance rejection

summarizes the research progress of PID control

sliding mode control

and their hybrid strategies

compares different methods in terms of robustness

smoothness

real-time performance

and experimental validation

and discusses future research trends. The review indicates that quadrotor wind disturbance rejection is evolving from single-method applications toward integrated research frameworks emphasizing multi-method cooperation

online disturbance estimation

actuator constraints

and real-world validation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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