Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy

Lingxiao Zhan

doi:10.47297/wspbdsWSP2752-630525.20250502

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Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy

Volume 5, Issue 2

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Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy
Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
Vol. 5, Issue 2, Pages: 136-141(2025)
Published：18 June 2025
DOI：10.47297/wspbdsWSP2752-630525.20250502
Accepted：

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Zhan Lingxiao.Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy[J].Biomedical Data Science,2025,05(02):136-141.
DOI：

Zhan Lingxiao.Research Progress of PD-1 and Its Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy[J].Biomedical Data Science,2025,05(02):136-141. DOI： 10.47297/wspbdsWSP2752-630525.20250502.

摘要

Abstract

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 serve as critical immune checkpoint molecules that execute core regulatory functions in tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion mechanisms. Recent clinical investigations have revealed that monoclonal antibody-based agents targeting this signaling axis demonstrate substantial antitumor efficacy across multiple malignancies. These therapeutic agents specifically block the PD-1/PD-L2 immunosuppressive pathway

thereby reversing the functional suppression of T lymphocytes. This discovery has translated into clinically validated immunotherapeutic strategies for diverse neoplastic diseases

including both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However

challenges such as drug resistance

cumulative toxicity

high treatment costs

and biomarker heterogeneity limit their widespread application. This article systematically reviews the structure of PD-1

the molecular mechanisms of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway

clinical treatment strategies (monotherapy

combined immunotherapy

combined traditional therapy

personalized treatment

and integration of novel therapies) and their challenges

while outlining future research directions to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing tumor immunotherapy.

关键词

Keywords

references

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