As China's NEV fleet expands rapidly

the scale of retired traction batteries continues to grow

making the construction of an efficient and sustainable reverse-recycling supply chain critical for automakers to gain cost and green competitiveness.Taking BYD as the focal firm

this paper develops an evaluation framework across four dimensions—economic benefit and cost efficiency

recovery scale and network coverage

environmental/public-interest input

and technological innovation and efficiency—operationalized by ten secondary indicators.Based on firm data compiled for 2022–2024

we apply the entropy method for normalization

objective weighting

and composite measurement to quantify each indicator's impact on recycling performance.The results show that"recovery scale and network coverage"carries the highest weight

followed by"economic benefit and cost efficiency."At the secondary level

annual recovery volume

number of outlets

employment effects

and environmental/public inputs contribute more to performance

whereas"recovery cost"acts as a negative constraint.Benchmarking against industry leaders indicates that BYD still has room to improve in total recovery throughput and outlet density;volatility in patent output and insufficient automation in second-life testing limit the release of technological efficiency.Accordingly

we propose an integrated optimization path that aligns scale

network

and technology

supported by organizational incentive mechanisms.This study contributes a reusable indicator framework with objective weights to support data-driven optimization of automakers'reverse supply chains;limitations include a short sample window and partially estimated indicators

which future research can address by expanding samples and methods for robustness checks.