Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment

Mohammed Abdulrab; Kamal Ali Thabet Alwaleedi; Yaser Hasan Al-Mamary; Abdul Rahim Zumrah; Ali Nasser Al-Tahitah; Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi

doi:10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800507.20251601

PDF
Export
Share
Collection
Album

Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment

Volume 16, Issue 1

Views: 0 Downloads: 0

Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment
Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment
1.Department of Business Administration, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen
2.Department of Management and Information Systems, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
3.Faculty of Leadership and Management, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
Vol. 16, Issue 1, Pages: 119-145(2025)
Published：18 February 2025
DOI：10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800507.20251601
Accepted：

Scan QR Code

Abdulrab Mohammed,Alwaleedi Kamal Ali Thabet,Al-Mamary Yaser Hasan,et al.Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment[J].Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management,2025,16(01):119-145.
DOI：

Abdulrab Mohammed,Alwaleedi Kamal Ali Thabet,Al-Mamary Yaser Hasan,et al.Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment[J].Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management,2025,16(01):119-145. DOI： 10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800507.20251601.

摘要

Abstract

This study examines the impact of transformational leadership (TL)

psychological empowerment (PE)

and work engagement (WE) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among academic staff in Malaysian universities. Data was collected through a survey of 385 academics and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Smart-PLS. The results revealed that transformational leadership significantly enhances psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior but does not directly affect work engagement. Psychological empowerment was found to fully mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement and partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore

psychological empowerment and work engagement directly influence organizational citizenship behavior. The findings suggest that enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement is crucial for fostering citizenship behaviors among academic staff. Therefore

leadership strategies should focus on cultivating psychological empowerment as a key driver of engagement and citizenship behavior in higher education institutions.

关键词

Keywords

references

Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Bin Saeed, B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114 (8), 1270-1300.

Ahadi, S. (2012). Mediating role of psychological empowerment in relationships between structural empowerment and organizational culture, and workplace outcomes among academics in Malaysian research universities (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia).

Ahadi, S., & Suandi, T. (2014). Structural empowerment and organizational commitment: The mediating role of psychological empowerment in Malaysian research universities. Journal of Asian development studies, 3 (1), 14-23.

Al Sahi al Zaabi, M. S., Ahmad, K. Z., Hossan, C., & Singh, S. (2016). Authentic leadership, work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors in petroleum company. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65 (6), 36-46.

Ali, K. (2014). The effects of leader-member exchange and employee wellbeing towards employee turnover intention (Doctoral dissertation, Deakin University).

Allameh, S. M., Heydari, M., & Davoodi, S. M. R. (2012). Studying the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment of teachers in Abade Township. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31 , 224-230.

Altınkurt, Y., Anasız, B. T., & Ekinci, C. E. (2016). The relationships between structural and psychological empowerment of teachers and their organizational citizenship behaviors. Egitim ve Bilim, 41 (187), 54-66.

Alwali, J. (2024). Innovative work behavior and psychological empowerment: The importance of inclusive leadership on faculty members in Iraqi higher education institutions. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 37 (2), 374-390.

Alzyoud, A. A., Othman, S. Z., & Isa, M. F. M. (2014). Examining the role of job resources on work engagement in the academic setting. Asian Social Science, 11 (3), p103.

Avey, J. B., Hughes, L. W., Norman, S. M., & Luthans, K. W. (2008). Using positivity, transformational leadership and empowerment to combat employee negativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29 (2), 110-126.

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly, 6 (2), 199-218.

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). MLQ: Multifactor leadership questionnaire . Mind Garden.

Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of organizational behavior, 25 (8), 951-968.

Azman, N., Sirat, M. B., & Samsudin, M. A. (2013). An academic life in Malaysia: A wonderful life or satisfaction not guaranteed? In job satisfaction around the academic world (pp. 167-186). Springer.

Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research . Psychology Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations . Free Press; Collier Macmillan.

Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life . Routledge.

Boonyarit, I., Chomphupart, S., & Arin, N. (2010). Leadership, empowerment, and attitude outcomes. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5 (1), 1-14.

Bose, S., Patnaik, B., & Mohanty, S. (2021). The mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational identification of employees. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57 (4), 490-510.

Bui, H. T., Zeng, Y., & Higgs, M. (2017). The role of person-job fit in the relationship between transformational leadership and job engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 32 (5), 373-386.

Chan, Y. H., Nadler, S. S., & Hargis, M. B. (2015). Attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of employees' psychological empowerment: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 19 (1), 24.

Cheng, P., Liu, Z., & Zhou, L. (2023). Transformational leadership and emotional labor: The mediation effects of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (2), 1030.

Chiang, C.-F., & Hsieh, T.-S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31 (1), 180-190.

Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses . Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences . Lawrence Erlbaum.

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13 (3), 471-482.

DiNapoli, J. M., O'Flaherty, D., Musil, C., Clavelle, J. T., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2016). The relationship of clinical nurses' perceptions of structural and psychological empowerment and engagement on their unit. Journal of Nursing Administration, 46 (2), 95-100.

Ding, X., Li, Q., Zhang, H., Sheng, Z., & Wang, Z. (2017). Linking transformational leadership and work outcomes in temporary organizations: A social identity approach. International Journal of Project Management, 35 (4), 543-556.

Dust, S. B., Resick, C. J., & Mawritz, M. B. (2014). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and the moderating role of mechanistic–organic contexts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35 (3), 413-433.

Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45 (4), 735-744.

Espinoza-Parra, S., Molero, F., & Fuster-Ruizdeapodaca, M. J. (2015). Transformational leadership and job satisfaction of police officers (carabineros) in Chile: the mediating effects of group identification and work engagement/Liderazgo transformacional y satisfacción laboral en carabineros de Chil e: los efectos mediadores de la identificación con el grupo y el work engagement. Revista de Psicología Social, 30 (3), 439-467.

Fareed, M. Z., Su, Q., & Aslam, M. U. (2023). Transformational leadership and project success: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Sage Open, 13 (1), 21582440231154796.

Fan, Y., Zheng, Q., Liu, S., & Li, Q. (2016). Construction of a new model of job engagement, psychological empowerment and perceived work environment among Chinese registered nurses at four large university hospitals: implications for nurse managers seeking to enhance nursing retention and quality of care. Journal of Nursing Management, 24 (5), 646-655.

Fang-guo, S. (2013). Multilevel model of transformational leadership and service quality: Testing mediation role of psychological empowerment. In 2013 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering 20th Annual Conference Proceedings (pp. 1355-1362). IEEE.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39-50.

Garg, V., Attree, A. K., & Kumar, V. (2023). The mediating role of psychological empowerment on the transformational leadership-innovative work behaviour relationship: A study of indian banking sector. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 10 (1), 130-151.

Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., & Rigdon, E. E. (2011). An update and extension to SEM guidelines for admnistrative and social science research. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 35 (2), iii-xiv.

Gözükara, İ., & Şimşek, O. F. (2015, 7/3/). Linking transformational leadership to work engagement and the mediator effect of job autonomy: A study in a Turkish private non-profit university. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195 , 963-971. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.274

Guay, R. P., & Choi, D. (2015). To whom does transformational leadership matter more? An examination of neurotic and introverted followers and their organizational citizenship behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 26 (5), 851-862.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) . Sage.

Han, S., Seo, G., Li, J., & Yoon, S. W. (2015). The mediating effect of organizational commitment and employee empowerment: How transformational leadership impacts employee knowledge sharing intention. Human Resource Development International, 19 (2), 1-18.

Han, S. , Seo, G., Yoon, S. W., & Yoon, D.-Y. (2016). Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: Mediating roles of employee's empowerment, commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Journal of Workplace Learning, 28 (3), 130-149.

Hayati, D., Charkhabi, M., & Naami, A. (2014). The relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement in governmental hospitals nurses: A survey study. Springerplus, 3 (1), 25.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach . Guilford Press.

Helalat, A., Sharari, H., Qawasmeh, R., Bani-Mustafa, A., & Alkhazali, Z. (2023). Revisiting the relationship between transformational leadership and employee psychological empowerment: A more holistic view using organisational culture. Cogent Business & Management, 10 (3), 2254023.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43 (1), 115-135.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing . Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange . Jstor.

Hussein Amzat, I., & Abdul Rahman Idris, D. (2012). Structural equation models of management and decision-making styles with job satisfaction of academic staff in Malaysian Research University. International Journal of Educational Management, 26 (7), 616-645.

Ibrahim, N., Ismail, A., Mohamed, N., Salim, S., & Yusuf, M. (2015). Effect of psychological empowerment and transformational leadership on organizational commitment. Makara Hubs-Asia, 19 (2), 75-86.

Ibrahim, I. A., El-Monshed, A. H., Altheeb, M., & El-Sehrawy, M. G. (2024). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and organizational citizenship behaviors among nursing workforce: A single mediation analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 2024 (1), 9919371.

Jeong, S., Hsiao, Y. Y., Song, J. H., Kim, J., & Bae, S. H. (2016). The moderating role of transformational leadership on work engagement: The influences of professionalism and openness to change. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27 (4), 489-516.

Jha, S. (2014). Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment: Determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 3 (1), 18- 35.

Joo, B.-K., & Jo, S. J. (2017). The effects of perceived authentic leadership and core self-evaluations on organizational citizenship behavior: The role of psychological empowerment as a partial mediator. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38 (3), 463-481.

Joo, B.-K. B., & Lim, T. (2013). Transformational leadership and career satisfaction: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 45 (3), 1-12.

Jose, G., & Mampilly, S. R. (2014). Psychological empowerment as a predictor of employee engagement: An empirical attestation. Global Business Review, 15 (1), 93-104.

Jose, G., & Mampilly, S. R. (2015). Relationships among perceived supervisor support, psychological empowerment and employee engagement in Indian workplaces. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 30 (3), 231-250.

Juyumaya, J. (2022). How psychological empowerment impacts task performance: The mediation role of work engagement and moderating role of age. Frontiers in Psychology, 13 , 889936.

Kannan, V. R., & Tan, K. C. (2005). Just in time, total quality management, and supply chain management: Understanding their linkages and impact on business performance. Omega, 33 (2), 153-162.

Karadağ, E. (2015). Leadership and organizational outcomes: Meta-analysis of empirical studies . Springer.

Khalili, A. (2017). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of emotional intelligence. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38 (7), 1004-1015.

Kim, B., Losekoot, E., & Milne, S. (2013). Consequences of empowerment among restaurant servers: Helping behaviors and average check size. Management Decision, 51 (4), 781-794.

Kim, S., & Shin, M. (2017). The effectiveness of transformational leadership on empowerment: The roles of gender and gender dyads. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 24 (2), 271-287.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30 (3), 607-610.

Krishnan, V. R. (2012). Transformational leadership and personal outcomes: Empowerment as mediator. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33 (6), 550-563.

Lan, X. M., & Chong, W. Y. (2015). T he mediating role of psychological empowerment between transformational leadership and employee work attitudes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172 , 184-191.

Lee, y., Kim, S. H., & Joon-Ho, K. (2013). Coach leadership effect on elite handball players' psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 8 (2), 327-342.

Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (1), 131.

Li, N., Chiaburu, D. S., & Kirkman, B. L. (2017). Cross-level influences of empowering leadership on citizenship behavior: Organizational support climate as a double-edged sword. Journal of Management, 43 (4), 1076-1102.

Macsinga, I., Sulea, C., Sârbescu, P., Fischmann, G., & Dumitru, C. (2015). Engaged, committed and helpful employees: The role of psychological empowerment. The Journal of Psychology, 149 (3), 263-276.

Mayranda, G. S., Prakoso, H., & Permana, R. H. (2022, January). Pengaruh transformational leadership terhadap work engagement pada taruna akademi angkatan laut. In Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science (Vol. 2, No. 1 , pp. 529-538).

Masood, M., & Afsar, B. (2017). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior among nursing staff. Nursing Inquiry, 24 (4), e12188.

Meng, F., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, G., Tong, Y., & Lin, R. (2022). Linkages between transformational leadership, work meaningfulness and work engagement: A multilevel cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15 , 367-380.

Nel, T., Stander, M. W., & Latif, J. (2015). Investigating positive leadership, psychological empowerment, work engagement and satisfaction with life in a chemical industry. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41 (1), 1-13.

Nohe, C., & Hertel, G. (2017). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analytic test of underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 8 , 253589.

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome . Lexington books/DC heath and com.

Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS . Routledge.

Peerzadah, S. A. (2024). Creativity in R & D laboratories: the role of transformational leadership and psychological empowerment. International Journal of Innovation Management, 28 (03n04), 2450017.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40 (3), 879-891.

Rahman, A. A. A., Panatik, S. A., & Alias, R. A. (2014). The influence of psychological empowerment on innovative work behavior among academia in Malaysian research universities. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 78 , 108.

Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C., & In, J. B. C. (2011). Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector. Service Business, 5 (4), 411.

Rao, A. S., & Kareem Abdul, W. (2015). Impact of transformational leadership on team performance: An empirical study in UAE. Measuring Business Excellence, 19 (4), 30-56.

Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 9 (2), 1-27.

Robinson, S. L., Kraatz, M. S., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudi nal study. Academy of management Journal, 37 (1), 137-152.

Sağnak, M., Kuruöz, M., Polat, B., & Soylu, A. (2015). Transformational leadership and innovative climate: An examination of the mediating effect of psychological empowerment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15 (60), 149-162.

Salanova, M., Lorente, L., Chambel, M. J., & Martínez, I. M. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses' extra‐role performance: The mediating role of self‐efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67 (10), 2256-2266.

Sahadev, S., Chang, K., Malhotra, N., Kim, J. H., Ahmed, T., & Kitchen, P. (2024). Psychological empowerment and creative performance: Mediating role of thriving and moderating role of competitive psychological climate. Journal of Business Research, 170 , 114310.

Saira, S., Mansoor, S., & Ali, M. (2021). Transformational leadership and employee outcomes: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42 (1), 130-143.

Sarwar, N., Haider, S., Akhtar, M. H., & Bakhsh, K. (2023). Moderated-mediation between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of psychological empowerment and high performance managerial practices. Management Research Review, 46 (5), 649-666.

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3 (1), 71-92.

Schmitt, A., Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2016). Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated mediation model including work engagement and job strain. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89 (3), 588-610.

Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96 (5), 981.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business : A skill-building approach . John Wiley & Sons.

Shah, A., & Hussain, N. (2022). An empirical study to evaluate the impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship and innovative behavior: Mediated by psychological empowerment at the workplace. Reviews of Management Sciences, 4 (1).

Song, J. H., Bae, S. H., Park, S., & Kim, H. K. (2013). Influential factors for knowledge creation practices of CTE teachers: Mutual impact of perceived school support, transformational leade rship, and work engagement. Asia Pacific Education Review, 14 , 467-482.

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38 (5), 1442-1465.

Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39 (2), 483-504.

Spreitzer, G. M. (2008). Taking stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 1 , 54-72.

Stander, M. W., & Rothmann, S. (2010). Psychological empowerment, job insecurity and employee engagement. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36 (1), 1-8.

Stanescu, D. F., Zbuchea, A., & Pinzaru, F. (2021). Transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Kybernetes, 50 (5), 1041-1057.

Sulaiman, W. S. W., & Zahoni, N. A. (2016). Validation of the utrecht work engagement scale (UWES) in the Malaysian context. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6 (9), 672.

Suliman, A., & Al Obaidli, H. (2013). Leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the financial service sector: The case of the UAE. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 5 (2), 115-134.

Sururiyah, D. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership and competence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Journal of Syntax Literate, 8 (6).

Sun, L.-Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, J., & Chen, Z. X. (2012). Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 23 (1), 55-65.

Tastan, S., & Serinkan, C. (2013). An empirical research on the relationship between individuals' psychological empowerment and voluntary performance behaviors: An assessment of the combination of psychological power and intimate will. Jo urnal of Global Strategic Management, 13 , 100-124.

Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An "interpretive" model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15 (4), 666-681.

Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2011). Do transformational leaders enhance their followers' daily work engagement? The Leadership Quarterly, 22 (1), 121-131.

Vijayalakshmi, P. (2023). Psychological empowerment and life satisfaction: The mediating effect of organisational citizenship behaviour. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 31 (3), 339-355.

Vincent-Höper, S., Muser, C., & Janneck, M. (2012). Transformational leadership, work engagement, and occupational success. Career Development International, 17 (7), 663-682.

Walsh, M., Dupré, K., & Arnold, K. A. (2014). Processes through which transformational leaders affect employee psychological health. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 28 (1-2), 162-172.

Wat, D., & Shaffer, M. A. (2005). Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of trust in the supervisor and empowerment. Personnel review, 34 (4), 406-422.

Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Teo, S. (2023). Effect of empowering leadership on work engagement via psychological empowerment: Moderation of cultural orientation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54 , 88-97.

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17 (3), 601-617.

Yang, Z., & Zhu, J. (2016). Charismatic leadership behavior and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of subordinates' emotional intelligence and the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 55 , 158-184.

Yasin Ghadi, M., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning in work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34 (6), 532-550.

Yuwono, H., Eliyana, A., Buchdadi, A. D., Hamidah, & Jalil, N. I. A. (2023). Triple mediation of attitude to bridge transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. PloS One, 18 (2), e0281220.

Zacher, H., & Jimmieson, N. L. (2013). Leader‐follower interactions: Relations with OCB and sales productivity. Journal of managerial psychology, 28 (1), 92-106.

Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., & Hooke, A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects: Do different types of trust make a difference? The Leadership Quarterly, 24 (1), 94-105.

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Examining the Impact of Ambidextrous Leadership on Employee Performance: The Mediating Roles of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Psychological Empowerment in a Manufacturing Company

Transformational leadership and employee performance in international commercial banking industry in Malaysia: The role of self-efficacy as a mediator under BRI

Related Author

Ahmad Azmy Faculty of Economics and Business, Paramadina University, Jakarta

Denny Krisnawan Hartono

Yuxin Wang PGC, Limkokwing University

Jiaming Lin Corresponding Author:Faculty of Business, Communication, and Law, Inti International University

Zahir Osman Faculty of Business Management, Open University Malaysia

Muhammad Farooq PGC, Limkokwing University

Valliappan Raju PGC, Limkokwing University

Related Institution

Faculty of Economics and Business, Paramadina University, Jakarta

PGC, Limkokwing University

Corresponding Author:Faculty of Business, Communication, and Law, Inti International University

Faculty of Business Management, Open University Malaysia

⁰