Volume 6, Issue 1
Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Holland
Published： 30 June 2022 ，
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Dessein Bart.Taixu and the question of labour[J].Critical Theory,2022,06(01):83-94.
Dessein Bart.Taixu and the question of labour[J].Critical Theory,2022,06(01):83-94. DOI： 10.47297/wspctWSP2515-470206.20220601.
China's confrontation with European modernity in the middle of the nineteenth century not only had an important impact on the way the traditional Confucian elite saw themselves and China's position in the world
but also had an important impact on Chinese Buddhism. The Chinese Buddhist world was hereby not only confronted with the growing competition of new religions such as Christianity
but found itself compelled to redefine its position in Chinese society in conditions of increased secularization
and the ideas of socialism
communism
and anarchism advancing. This article examines how the famous Buddhist reformer Taixu (1889–1947) was inspired by these new ideologies to reform Buddhism on the one hand
but how he also clung to the Chinese tradition and its focus on religion on the other hand. The article argues that Claude Henri de Rouvroy
count of Saint-Simon (1760–1825)
a French reform thinker during the French Revolution
may have had a more important impact on Taixu's thinking than has been recognized to date.
socialismcommunismanarchismHenry de Saint-Simon
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