Core literacy in physical education has become the core orientation of middle school physical education reform and talent cultivation in the new era. Extracurricular sports activities

as an important extension and supplement of classroom physical education

are crucial to cultivating students' sports ability

healthy behavior

sports morality and comprehensive core literacy. This study takes teachers and students from 10 middle schools in six urban districts and Chang'an District of Xi'an City as the research objects

adopting literature analysis

questionnaire survey

interview method

field investigation and mathematical statistics to explore the current practice

existing problems and restrictive factors of middle school extracurricular sports activities under the guidance of core literacy. The results show that Xi'an urban middle schools have basically normalized daily extracurricular sports activities such as morning exercises and break exercises

but there are prominent problems including single activity content

insufficient integration with core literacy goals

inadequate professional teacher guidance

unbalanced allocation of venue and equipment resources

insufficient long-term special funds

inadequate collaborative attention from schools and parents

and unbalanced activity participation among students of different genders. Restrictive factors mainly involve institutional cognition

teacher resource allocation

hardware guarantee

family education concept and student individual differences. Based on the research findings

this study puts forward targeted optimization strategies from the perspectives of government

schools

teachers and families

aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical path for the high-quality development of urban middle school extracurricular sports activities in Xi'an and the effective implementation of students' physical core literacy cultivation.