This paper systematically analyzes the current landscape and developmental challenges of Sino-foreign cooperative education in western provincial universities

proposing innovative pathways for quality enhancement. At the status quo level

policy-driven characteristics are prominent

leveraging the "Belt and Road" initiative to build cross-border educational networks. Through "ministry-province collaboration

" resources are integrated to form a disciplinary development paradigm characterized by "global standards + China-specific features." However

imbalances persist in coastal-land resource disparities

differences in STEM-humanities collaborations

and divergences between new and traditional universities. In terms of challenges

institutional barriers manifest as inadequate regulatory alignment

loopholes in academic credential certification

and faculty mobility barriers; structural contradictions are reflected in professional homogenization

imbalanced software/hardware investments

and conflicts of performance-oriented orientations; cultural integration faces clashes in educational philosophies

deficiencies in cross-cultural competence

and weak outputs of local culture. To address these issues

the paper proposes three-dimensional optimization strategies: institutional innovation involves establishing provincial-level governance systems and dynamic certification mechanisms; structural optimization requires implementing differentiated development strategies and big data monitoring platforms; cultural empowerment entails developing distinctive international curricula

establishing dual-mentor systems

and creating overseas cultural communication bases

thereby providing theoretical support and practical solutions for the internationalization of western higher education.