As an important vehicle for future urban air transport (UAM)

the electric vertical take-off and landing vehicle (eVTOL) provides an innovative solution for short-distance travelling with high efficiency

low carbon and low noise. This paper focuses on the mechanical structure design of the multifunctional light-load eVTOL

systematically reviews its core technology

architectural features and key performance indexes

and analyses the design characteristics and application scenarios of different configurations

such as multi-rotor

tilt-rotor and composite wing. Meanwhile

a comparative study of the range

safety

economy and environmental impact of representative eVTOL models at home and abroad is conducted. The study shows that reasonable aerodynamic layout and lightweight structure optimisation are crucial to improving the range

energy efficiency and commercial viability of eVTOLs. However

the industry still faces challenges such as limited battery energy density

powertrain safety and airworthiness certification. This paper summarises the current state of technology development and evaluates the future direction of development to provide a scientific basis for academic research

engineering practice and policy formulation

in order to promote the maturity and large-scale application of eVTOL technology.