Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects

Shangkun Wu

doi:10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456931.20250610

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Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects

6卷第10期

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Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects
Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects
School of Management,Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
2025年6卷第10期页码：154-159
纸质出版：2025-10-30
DOI：10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456931.20250610
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Shangkun Wu. (2025). Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects. 科技理论与实践（英文版）, 6(10), 154-159.

Wu Shangkun.Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects[J].Theory and Practice of Science and Technology,2025,06(10):154-159.
Shangkun Wu. (2025). Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects. 科技理论与实践（英文版）, 6(10), 154-159. DOI： 10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456931.20250610.

Wu Shangkun.Bioinspired Design, Preparation Technologies and Applications of Superhydrophobic Materials: From Theoretical Fundamentals to Industrial Prospects[J].Theory and Practice of Science and Technology,2025,06(10):154-159. DOI： 10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456931.20250610.

摘要

Abstract

Since Barthlott et al. revealed the microscopic mechanism of lotus leaves' "self-cleaning" superhydrophobicity in 1997

superhydrophobic materials (with water contact angle > 150° and rolling angle < 10°) have become a research hotspot in interface science and materials engineering. However

they face critical bottlenecks: laboratory preparation methods (e.g.

precise templating) are hard to scale up

mechanical durability is insufficient (contact angle decreases significantly after sandpaper friction)

and traditional low-surface-energy materials containing fluorine or silicon pose environmental risks and cost issues. This paper reviews superhydrophobic materials from four dimensions: theoretical basis

preparation technology

performance regulation

and application scenarios

while analyzing challenges and proposing prospects. The theoretical basis integrates classical wetting theories (Young equation

Wenzel model

Cassie-Baxter model) and the biomimetic binary synergistic complementary principle (cooperation of multi-scale rough structures and low-surface-energy chemistry). Preparation technologies include the biomimetic template method (replicating natural structures)

phase separation method (constructing porous rough structures via polymer-solvent separation)

and spraying/coating method (rapidly building rough coatings with low-surface-energy materials and nanoparticles). Performance regulation is achieved by optimizing microscopic structures (e.g.

"micrometer-nanometer" hierarchical design) and modifying surface chemistry (e.g.

plasma treatment

sol-gel method) to control contact angle

rolling angle

and stability. Applications span self-cleaning (e.g.

architectural glass coatings)

oil-water separation (e.g.

superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic netting)

and dry-style antifogging (via biomimetic hierarchical structures). Current challenges (e.g.

insufficient mechanical durability) are discussed

and future prospects are proposed: innovating surfactants for efficient CO₂ utilization in emulsions

applying 3D printing to fabricate precise biomimetic microstructures

and integrating multifunctionality (e.g.

superomniphobicity

high-temperature resistance

antifouling). This work aims to provide a framework for advancing superhydrophobic materials' research and industrialization.

关键词

Keywords

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