Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs)

as a novel class of nanomaterials

demonstrate significant potential in regulating plant growth. Studies indicate that appropriate concentrations of GFNs can enhance seed germination rates through multiple pathways. While reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

GFNs improve crop yield and quality

contributing to the development of innovative agricultural production models and offering new insights for sustainable agriculture. Currently

global agriculture faces substantial challenges

with increasing demands for both high output and superior quality of agricultural products. Although some understanding of GFNs has been achieved

numerous challenges remain in areas such as mechanistic exploration and safety assessment. Existing research struggles to overcome key bottlenecks

hindering further progress in the field. Conducting research on GFNs will enrich the theoretical framework of interdisciplinary studies combining plant nutritional physiology and nano-agriculture

providing a scientific basis for precise regulation of crop growth. It will also offer direction for the development of nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides

promoting the upgrading of agricultural inputs. Furthermore

it will introduce new approaches for rapid propagation of elite crop varieties

facilitating the swift dissemination of high-quality cultivars. These efforts align with contemporary China's goals of developing green and ecological agriculture. This review summarizes domestic and international research progress on the application of graphene in agriculture

including the interaction mechanisms between GFNs and plant growth at physiological

biochemical

molecular

cellular

and environmentally mediated levels. It synthesizes the effects

risks

and optimal application strategies of GFNs in agricultural production

discusses current status and contradictions in plant-related GFN research

and compares the practical efficacy of novel nano-fertilizers with traditional agricultural fertilizers. Finally

it explores future research directions for graphene oxide in agriculture. In addressing global food security

GFNs are poised to enhance crop yield and quality

ensuring food supply. In terms of environmental sustainability

they will continue to play a positive role. Extensive practice has demonstrated the bright prospects of this technology

with GFNs expected to serve as a key supporting technology for smart agriculture and green agriculture.