The American philosopher of science Kuhn

in the 1980s

studied the scientific revolution in depth from a unique perspective of the philosophy of language

seeing it as a change in the language of science

especially in scientific vocabularies or dictionaries. In this process of transformation

metaphors

analogies

and models play the role of midwives in the birth of new concepts. Based on the analysis of Kuhn's relevant insights

this paper identifies the nature and use of metaphor

analogy and model as well as the similarities and differences among them

arguing that analogy and model are special cases of metaphor and can be fully encompassed within the category of metaphor. Finally

the ontological

epistemological

methodological

linguistic

and linguistic philosophical perspectives are explored as to why metaphor is indispensable in scientific cognition and scientific revolution.