AsopposedtoGermanrejectiondialogues ,itusuallyappearsofficiallyinliteraryworksoremails.NewmediasuchasWeChatorWhatsAppareformsofrealizationthatcanbeclassifiedascolloquialexpressions.Similartoexpressionsofregret ,thankyouforaninvitationcanhardlybeidentifiedinChinesedata.ItisalsonoticeablethatinsomeChinesecasesthespeechactofrefusalisrealisedthrougharequest.Insuchcases 等.From a lexical-syntactic and pragmatic point of view, Ma (2000) analyzed the similarities between rejection strategies in China and English-speaking countries. At the lexical-syntactic level, Ma (1990) assumed that a refusal is characterized by the conversational tags such as哎呀, 对不起, 呃or similar, which represent regret, apology, delay or pause on the part of the refuser. Similar to conversational tags, discourse markers play the same role in German rejection dialogues as expressions of regret, motivation or thanks, which are usually placed before reasons for rejection and indicate implicit rejection. Some researchers are also interested in the factors that influence rejection. They argued that cultural background such as social relationships, gender, age and many other factors influence the process of rejection. Wang and Wu (2004) concluded that rejection is influenced by power, social distance, difficulty of rejection and emotion. With regard to research on rejection in second language acquisition, Wang and Li (2007), among others, focused on the pragmatic transfer when selecting certain semantic formulas and their enlightenment for English lessons. Then, many researchers turn more and more to relevance-adaptation theory in the field of rejection. Liao (2010), for example, focused her attention not only on the construction of rejection by rejecters, but also on the mechanism of interpretation by rejectees. The rejecters try to arrive at the optimal relevance between the rejection formulation and the communication intention on the basis of the assumption of the cognition of the other person. Appropriate rejection formulations are selected by the rejecters according to the context. And the rejected interpret the meaning of the rejector's statements according to the conclusion based on their own understanding.[J].国际教育与发展（英文版）,2024,08(01):80-91.

Qi Qinyi,Jin Jing.A Comparative Study of Chinese and German Refusal Conversations in WeChat and WhatsApp[J].Journal of International Education and Development,2024,08(01):80-91.

AsopposedtoGermanrejectiondialogues ,itusuallyappearsofficiallyinliteraryworksoremails.NewmediasuchasWeChatorWhatsAppareformsofrealizationthatcanbeclassifiedascolloquialexpressions.Similartoexpressionsofregret ,thankyouforaninvitationcanhardlybeidentifiedinChinesedata.ItisalsonoticeablethatinsomeChinesecasesthespeechactofrefusalisrealisedthrougharequest.Insuchcases 等.From a lexical-syntactic and pragmatic point of view, Ma (2000) analyzed the similarities between rejection strategies in China and English-speaking countries. At the lexical-syntactic level, Ma (1990) assumed that a refusal is characterized by the conversational tags such as哎呀, 对不起, 呃or similar, which represent regret, apology, delay or pause on the part of the refuser. Similar to conversational tags, discourse markers play the same role in German rejection dialogues as expressions of regret, motivation or thanks, which are usually placed before reasons for rejection and indicate implicit rejection. Some researchers are also interested in the factors that influence rejection. They argued that cultural background such as social relationships, gender, age and many other factors influence the process of rejection. Wang and Wu (2004) concluded that rejection is influenced by power, social distance, difficulty of rejection and emotion. With regard to research on rejection in second language acquisition, Wang and Li (2007), among others, focused on the pragmatic transfer when selecting certain semantic formulas and their enlightenment for English lessons. Then, many researchers turn more and more to relevance-adaptation theory in the field of rejection. Liao (2010), for example, focused her attention not only on the construction of rejection by rejecters, but also on the mechanism of interpretation by rejectees. The rejecters try to arrive at the optimal relevance between the rejection formulation and the communication intention on the basis of the assumption of the cognition of the other person. Appropriate rejection formulations are selected by the rejecters according to the context. And the rejected interpret the meaning of the rejector's statements according to the conclusion based on their own understanding.[J].国际教育与发展（英文版）,2024,08(01):80-91. DOI： 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250013.20240801.

Qi Qinyi,Jin Jing.A Comparative Study of Chinese and German Refusal Conversations in WeChat and WhatsApp[J].Journal of International Education and Development,2024,08(01):80-91. DOI： 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250013.20240801.