The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's <italic style="font-style: italic">Never Give In</italic> Address at Harrow School

Lei Zhu

doi:10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008

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The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's <italic style="font-style: italic">Never Give In</italic> Address at Harrow School

10卷第8期

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The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School
The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School
Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201701, China
2026年10卷第8期页码：162-165
纸质出版：2026-08-30
DOI：10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008
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Lei Zhu. (2026). The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School. 国际教育与发展（英文版）, 10(8), 162-165. DOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008.

Lei Zhu.The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School[J].Journal of International Education and Development,2026,10(08):162-165.
Lei Zhu. (2026). The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School. 国际教育与发展（英文版）, 10(8), 162-165. DOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008. DOI：

Lei Zhu.The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School[J].Journal of International Education and Development,2026,10(08):162-165. DOI： 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008.

摘要

Abstract

This research attempts to apply Aristotle's rhetorical theory into the analysis of Churchill's famous oratory discourse titled

Never Give In.

Aristotle tripartite rhetorical appeals—ethos

pathos

and logos—prove to be a powerful analytical model of oratory speeches. Churchill's speech achieves powerful persuasion via balanced rhetorical strategies. His ethos rests on his authoritative wartime leadership and sincere concern for young students. Discoursal resources regarding pathos stirs collective resolve by acknowledging national hardship yet rejecting despair. Linguistic resources of logos underpin his argument that temporary difficulties can be overcome with the concerted efforts of the British people. Interweaving the three appeals

Churchill turns his school address into inspiring wartime declaration

convincing audiences to uphold perseverance at that critical moment.

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references

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Brinton A . " Pathos and the appeal to emotion": An aristotelian analysis ", History of Philosophy Quarterly , 1988 , 5 ( 3 ), 207 – 219 .

Burkett , J. W. Aristotle , "Rhetoric" III : A commentary (Master's thesis) . Texas Christian University . 2011 .

Fortenbaugh W . W . " Aristotle on persuasion through character ", Rhetorica, 1992 , 10 ( 3 ), 207 – 244 .

Hamza Marafa , Cajetan Ebuziem . Determining The Degree of Appeal to Aristotelian Rhetoric . International Journal of History and Philosophical Research . 11 ( 03 ): 6 - 21 . 2023.

Herrick , James . A . The history and theory of rhetoric : An introduction (5th ed.). Routledge .

Killingsworth M.J. " Rhetorical appeals: A revision ", Rhetoric Review, 2005 , 24 ( 3 ), 249 – 263 .

McCormack , K.C. "Ethos , pathos , and logos : The benefits of Aristotelian rhetoric in the courtroom" , Washington University Jurisprudence Review , 2014 , 7 , 131 – 155 .

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The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School

The Tripartite Rhetorical Appeals: An Aristotelian Close Reading of Churchill's Never Give In Address at Harrow School

DOI：10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250033.20261008

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references