The musical and dance images in Kucha grotto murals are not only important carriers of art but also visual archives of the mutual learning of civilizations along the Silk Road. Based on a review of relevant materials

this paper proposes a research approach that combines narrative structure and iconography of musical behavior: using sacred narrative

secular narrative

and spatio-temporal integration narrative as the structural framework

supplemented by iconographic interpretation of instrument combinations

playing postures

ritual functions

and cultural integration

and then forming an operational method system through strategies such as semantic field annotation and movement restoration. The paper emphasizes the use of visual evidence as the basis and functional inference as the tool to achieve mutual verification and mutual proof of image narrative and musical behavior at the level of the evidence chain.