The Internet of Things (IoT) harbors the potential to revolutionize numerous industries

with urban rail systems being one of the most significant beneficiaries. This paper explores the current and future impact of IoT on urban rail systems

highlighting its potential to enhance operational efficiency

safety

and passenger experience. Through an in-depth examination of the current literature and case studies of Beijing Metro

London Underground

and Stockholm Metro

the paper discusses the successful integration of IoT in these systems and the associated challenges. The paper also underscores the critical role of government and policy-making in facilitating IoT implementation and explores how IoT can contribute to sustainable urban development. Recommendations for future research directions

including studies on economic viability

cybersecurity measures

and passenger responses to IoT

are also presented.